Pe-8 Aircraft - The Petlyakov Pe-8 (Russian: Петляков е-8) was a Soviet heavy bomber designed before World War II and the only four-engined bomber produced by the USSR during the war. It was produced in small quantities in August 1941. The Berlin bomb was also used as a "moral excursion", which aimed to raise the morale of the Soviet people by revealing the vulnerability of the Axis. However, his first task last night was to attack airfields, railway stations and other areas of Germany, although one of them was flying to the United States from Moscow to the People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs (Mr. Foreign Affairs) Vyacheslav Molotov in 1942.
The Pe-8 was originally designed as the TB-7 after the original designer, Vladimir Petlyakov, died in a plane crash in 1942. Supply problems hampered the production of this aircraft, and the Pe-8s also had engine problems. As Soviet morale boosters, they were important targets for Luftwaffe fighter pilots. The loss rate of these aircraft, whether due to mechanical failure, fire or combat, doubled between 1942 and 1944.
Pe-8 Aircraft
During the war, most of the surviving aircraft were removed from the battlefield. After the war, some of the main carriers were officially replaced, and several others were tested for various Soviet programs. Some supported Soviet Arctic operations until the late 1950s.
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Development of the Pe-8 began in July 1934, when the Soviet Air Force (VVS) requested an aircraft to replace the aging and heavy Tupolev TB-3 bomber. These requirements specify a bomb carrying 2,000 kg (4,400 lb) bombs 4,500 km (2,800 mi) at a speed of more than 440 km/h (270 mph) at an altitude of 10,000 meters (32,808 ft), figures that double the range. , speed and service limit of TB-3.
The assignment was given to the Tupolev Design Bureau (OKB), where Andrey Tupolev entrusted the work to the team led by Vladimir Petlyakov and took over the design of the internal design of the ANT-42 bureau. The resulting aircraft, a four-wing medium-range aircraft, was initially designated by the BBC as the TB-7 (Russian: Тяжёлый Бомбардировщик, Тяжёлый Бомбардировщик-heavy bomber) and owed much to the simplified design of the Tupolev SB. block TB-3.
The bomber was made mainly of duralumin, with two wings placed on top of steel, although the ailerons were covered with fabric. The pear-shaped monocoque fuselage requires pilots to sit to the left with seat belts. In the prototype, space for a fifth engine, the auxiliary Klimov M-100, was kept inside the fuselage, in a hatch extending over the wing and behind the pilots. It was installed to drive a supercharger that supplied compressed air to the Mikulin AM-34FRN engines, with the designation ATsN-2 (Russian: Agregat tstral'novo nadduva-Ctral Supercharging Unit), a 1918 idea developed by Zeppelin-Staak. participated in the German Empire and was further developed for the Do 217P and Hs 130E Reich Luftwaffe experimental bomber designs. The later models of "Pe-8" abandoned the internal engine and placed the engine and radio receiver behind and below the pilots. The bomber sits in the nose and has a single turret with a 20 millimeter (0.79 in) SHVAK gun mounted in the front. Prominent chin gondola, nick beard, prominent nose. The dorsal gunner sat behind the raised ATsN, the hood of which housed a 7.62 mm (0.30 in) ShKAS machine gun and another ShKAS in the vtral cavity. The tail gun had a turret with a SHVAK, and very few manually operated SHVAK guns were located behind each inner nael. Crew access to this position is through the wing or through a hatch on the upper surface of the wing. A large internal bomb bay holds up to 4,000 kg (8,800 lb) of bombs; External armament included a 500-kilogram (1,100 lb) FAB-500 (Fugasnaya AviaBomba - high-explosive bomb) under each wing.
The first flight of the unarmed prototype, which M.
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After the second initial tests, the ATsN system was installed for public acceptance tests in August 1937, and AM-34RNB engines were installed in the tests.
Gromov reported that the steering wheel was ineffective and the outer teeth were burnt. Next, wind tunnel testing revealed problems with the aerodynamics of the radiators and nacelles. To solve this problem, the external radiators were moved to deep channels under the internal nacelles. The Pe-8 now had just two prominent radiator grilles, one under each inner wing, dividing both the inner and outer wings, one of the aircraft's unique features. The steering wheel is also wide and smooth.
Construction of the second prototype began in April 1936, incorporating lessons from the first aircraft and feedback from the VVS. Spindle indicators with 100 mm (3.9 in); The "beard" was also extended and the tail section was changed to reduce drag and improve steering function. The system system has been reconfigured, including the autopilot and electrical system handling parts have been reconfigured. The engines were replaced with more powerful AM-34FRNVs and the vehicle was fitted with a redesigned frame. Two additional fuel tanks increased the range of the ship. Defensive and offensive armament were revised, and bomber armament was expanded to include twin SHKAS cannons in the nose, nacelle and tail turrets, and a single SHVAK dorsal turret; according to that plan, they removed the glass with a gun. The bomb bay was modified to carry a 5,000-kilogram (11,000 lb) FAB-5000 bomb, and materials were added to deliver VAP-500 or VAP-1000 poison gas under the wings.
The capture of Tupolev and Petlyakov in October 1937, during the Great Purge, disrupted the project, and the second prototype did not make its first flight until July 26, 1938.
Aircraft Recognition Poster, Ussr Petlyakov Tb 7 (pe 8) Heavy Bomber,
Although this prototype was the basis of the serial aircraft, further changes were made to the armament. New armaments included one retractable SHVK in the MV-6's dorsal turret, another SHVK in the KEB's tail turret, and a 12.7 mm (0.50 in) Berezin UBT machine gun in each shU barbette on each inboard wing, under the wing entered. which covers the lower part of the fire arcs to the right and left. Another food container grew longer and his beard was tired and replaced by a sharper nose.
Production was slow for many reasons, including during the Great Purge, but also because of a lack of materials and labor. However, the production capacity in Kazan factory no. 124 were ready in 1937, the order to start was not given until 1939.
Gin solves the problems of aircraft construction. Production of ATsN launchers could not be organized systematically, and only the first four Pe-8 aircraft were equipped with them. Factory no. 124 Pe-8s ended the production line in the early 1940s as the engines were reduced. Somewhere in the vast series of Soviet orders, it was decided to continue without a slaughterhouse. The incomprehensibility of the Klimov M-100 cotton plant required a change in the design of the ATsN-2, although this change allowed the commander and radio operator to be carried in his place.
First, to further complicate matters, production of the AM-34FRNV gin ended in mid-1939. Only two or four Pe-8s were equipped with them. Eight aircraft produced since 1940 were equipped with AM-35A engines.
Sometimes A Dive Bomber. Petlyakov Pe 2
In 1940, six non-engined aircraft were installed with Mikulin AM-35A engines, while Air Force officials were evaluating both Charomsky ACh-30 and Charomsky M-40 diesel engines. In 1941, at least 9 Pe-8s were equipped with diesel engines, but neither the ACH-30 nor the M-40 were satisfactory, although the aircraft was greatly improved. All surviving Pe-8s with the AM-35A were retired by 1941. Production continued slowly at plant no. 124; most of the help and support of the plant was preferred to the successful Petlyakov Pe-2 light bomber. Currently the largest of the aircraft, redesignated the Pe-8 after the Pe-8 was killed in a Pe-2 crash on January 12, 1942, was powered by production AM-35A engines.
To overcome the engine shortage, a 1,380 kW (1,850 hp) Shvetsov ASH-82 radial engine was offered, and this modification entered production in late 1942. The structures of the ASh-82 were not finished. fitted with gun turrets on the rear of the nacelles and the guns were removed, reducing the aircraft's ability to protect itself. In 1943, the nose turret was removed in favor of a nose-mounted hand-operated ShKAS machine gun.
This version of the aircraft proved to have the same range as the diesel engine versions, but the stability was greatly increased. Production of Pe-8s-499 aircraft
The last Pe-8s were completed in 1944 as Pe-8ON (Osobovo Naznaziya - Special Mission) with Charomsky ACH-30B engines and vertical.
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